The science policy for the production of clean fuels is outdated and needs major revision. An interdisciplinary task force is prepared to lead a Forward Look. The ESF is urged to proceed with a foresight exercise at the highest scientific level into solar driven production of environmentally clean fuels, as the primary sustainable long-term solution for global energy needs. The Forward Look needs to be underpinned by socio-economic research and put in the European perspective. In addition, directions for substantial innovation providing the capability for European industry to attain or maintain world leadership in key energy technologies in this area need to be identified.A recent ESF sponsored White Paper “Harnessing Solar Energy for the Production of Clean Fuels” recommends that ~10% photon conversion efficiency by direct conversion to fuels by novel biotechnology and new materials is reachable by exploring different avenues and when traditional disciplines combine to produce new and exciting multidisciplinary areas of study. This represents a clear priority setting and can serve as a starting point for a Forward Look.